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Below is a short reference of the Beancount language syntax. Also see the full Syntax Documentation and the Syntax Cheat Sheet.

Beancount defines a language in which financial transactions are entered into a text-file, which then can be processed by Beancount. There are a few building blocks that are important to understand Beancount's syntax:

  • Commodities,
  • Accounts,
  • Directives.

Commodities

All in CAPS: USD, EUR, CAD, GOOG, AAPL, RBF1005, HOME_MAYST, AIRMILES, HOURS.

Accounts

Account are given by a colon-separated list of capitalized words. They must begin with one of the five root accounts listed in the table below. The separation by colons defines an implicit hierarchy, for example we say that Assets:Cash is a sub-account of Assets.

Name Type Contains Examples
Assets + Cash, Checking-Account, etc. Assets:Checking
Liabilities - Credit Card, etc. Liabilities:CreditCard
Income - Salary, etc. Income:EmployerA
Expenses + Expense categories Expenses:Fun:Cinema
Equity - Almost always auto-generated Equity:Opening-Balances

The names of the five root accounts can be changed with the following options:

option "name_assets"      "Vermoegen"
option "name_liabilities" "Verbindlichkeiten"
option "name_income"      "Einkommen"
option "name_expenses"    "Ausgaben"
option "name_equity"      "Eigenkapital"

Directives

The basic building block are directives (also called entries). Most directives start with a date, then the type of the directive, and then directive-specific arguments. The ordering of directives in the input-file does not matter, because Beancount orders them based on the date of each directive.

General syntax: YYYY-MM-DD <directive> <arguments...>

Open and Close accounts

To open or close an account use the open and close directives:

2015-05-29 open Expenses:Restaurant
2015-05-29 open Assets:Checking     USD,EUR  ; Currency constraints
; ...
2016-02-23 close Assets:Checking

Commodities

Declaring commodities is optional. Use this if you want to attach metadata by currency. If you specify a name for a currency like below, this name will be displayed as a tooltip on hovering over currency names in Fava. Likewise, with the precision metadata, you can specify the number of decimal digits to show in Fava, overriding the precision that is otherwise automatically inferred from the input data.

1998-07-22 commodity AAPL
  name: "Apple Computer Inc."
  precision: 3

Prices

You can use this directive to fill the historical price database:

2015-04-30 price AAPL   125.15 USD
2015-05-30 price AAPL   130.28 USD

Notes

2013-03-20 note Assets:Checking "Called to ask about rebate"

Documents

2013-03-20 document Assets:Checking "path/to/statement.pdf"

Transactions

2015-05-30 * "Some narration about this transaction"
  Liabilities:CreditCard   -101.23 USD
  Expenses:Restaurant       101.23 USD

2015-05-30 ! "Cable Co" "Phone Bill" #tag ^link
  id: "TW378743437"               ; Meta-data
  Expenses:Home:Phone  87.45 USD
  Assets:Checking                 ; You may leave one amount out

Postings

...    123.45 USD                             ; simple
...        10 GOOG {502.12 USD}               ; with cost
...   1000.00 USD   @ 1.10 CAD                ; with price
...        10 GOOG {502.12 USD} @ 1.10 CAD    ; with cost & price
...        10 GOOG {502.12 USD / 2014-05-12}  ; with date
! ...   123.45 USD ...                        ; with flag

Balance Assertions and Padding

Asserts the amount for only the given currency:

2015-06-01 balance Liabilities:CreditCard  -634.30 USD

Automatic insertion of transaction to fulfill the following assertion:

2015-06-01 pad Assets:Checking Equity:Opening-Balances

Events

2015-06-01 event "location" "New York, USA"
2015-06-01 event "address" "123 May Street"

Options

See the Beancount Options Reference for the full list of supported options.

option "title" "My Personal Ledger"

Other

pushtag #trip-to-peru
...
poptag  #trip-to-peru
; inline comments begin with a semi-colon
* any line not starting with a valid directive is also ignored silently